Table 3.
Summary of reports on treatment for HAM/TSP.
| Authors | Country | Study design | Reagents | Treatment regimen | Studyperiod | No. of patients | Rate of Efficacy | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Osame et al. (1990b) | Japan | Open-label | Prednisolone | 60–80 mg qod for 2 month | 11 Month | 65 | 90.8% (59/65) | Incidence of side effects: 20% (13/65) |
| →10 mg off/month for 6 month | 56.9% (>1) | |||||||
| →5 mg qod for 3 month | ||||||||
| Croda et al. (2008) | Brazil | Case series | Methylprednisolone | 1 g × 3 days/month for 3–4 month | 2.2 Years | 39 | 24.5% | Transient effect |
| Nakagawa et al. (1996) | Japan | Open-label | Prednisolone | 1–2 mg/kg qd or qod for 1–2 month → tapering | 6–12 Month | 131 | 81.7% | Decrease of CSF neopterin |
| 69.5% (>1) | ||||||||
| Methylprednisolone | 500 mg–1g × 3 days | 10 | 30.0% | For rapid progression | ||||
| Interferon-α | 3 MU/day × 30 days | 1–3 Month | 32 | 62.5% | Transient effect | |||
| 21.9% (>1) | Incidence of side effects: 65.6% (21/32) | |||||||
| Martin et al. (2012) | UK | Open-label | Cyclosporine A | 2.5–5 mg/kg/day bd for 48 week | 72 Week | 7 | 71.4% (5/7) after 3 Month | Clinical failure: two patients |
| Izumo et al. (1996) | Japan | Multicenter double-blind RCT | Interferon-α | 0.3 MU/day × 28 days | 8 Week | 15 | 7.1% | Incidence of side effects: 26.7% (4/15) |
| 1 MU/day × 28 days | 17 | 23.5% | 29.4% (5/17) | |||||
| 3 MU/day × 28 days | 16 | 66.7% | 50.0% (8/16) | |||||
| Yamasaki et al. (1997) | Japan | Case series | Interferon-α | 6 MU/day × 14 days → 6 MU/3 times/week × 22 week | 6 Month | 7 | 71.4% (5/7) | Clinical failure: two patients |
| Arimura et al. (2007) | Japan | Phase IV | Interferon-α | 3 MU/day × 4–793 days (median 30 days) | 6 Month | 167 | 66.2% | Side effects: 87.4% |
| 29.2% (>1) | Serious side effects: 7.0% | |||||||
| Taylor et al. (2006) | UK and Japan | Double-blind RCT | Zidovudine + lamivudine | AZT 300 mg + 3TC 150 mg bd | 48 Week | 16 | No clinical improvement | No change in proviral load |
| Macchi et al. (2011) | UK | Case series | Tenofovir | 245 mg/day | 2–16 Month | 6 | No clinical improvement | No change in proviral load |
>1, improvement of more than one grade in the Osame’s motor disability score.
No., number; qod, every other day; mo: month(s); yr, year(s); qd, every day; MU, million unit; wk, week(s)’ bd, twice daily; RCT, randomized controlled trial; AZT, zidovudine; 3TC, lamivudine.