Table 4.
Timing of exposure/smoking burden | Controls (n = 423), n (%) | ALL (n = 193), n (%) | AML (n = 59), n (%) | ALL |
AML |
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | OR Adjusteda (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR Adjusteda (95% CI) | ||||
PRECONCEPTIONb | |||||||
Non-smokers | 304 (71.9) | 137 (71.0) | 47 (79.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Moderate smokers | 109 (25.7) | 45 (23.3) | 11 (18.6) | 0.92 (0.61–1.37) | 0.93 (0.59–1.45) | 0.65 (0.33–1.30) | 0.59 (0.27–1.28) |
Heavy smokers | 10 (2.4) | 11 (5.7) | 1 (1.7) | 2.44 (1.01–5.88) | 2.52 (0.95–6.72) | 0.65 (0.81–5.17) | 0.80 (0.93–6.90) |
FIRST TRIMESTER | |||||||
Non-smokers | 354 (83.7) | 154 (79.8) | 53 (89.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Moderate smokers | 65 (15.4) | 33 (17.1) | 5 (8.5) | 1.17 (0.74–1.85) | 1.10 (0.65–1.82) | 0.51 (0.20–1.33) | 0.44 (0.15–1.31) |
Heavy smokers | 4 (0.9) | 6 (3.1) | 1 (1.7) | 3.45 (0.96–12.39) | 3.35 (0.75–15.0) | 1.67 (0.18–15.23) | 2.70 (0.27–26.5) |
SECOND TRIMESTER | |||||||
Non-smokers | 356 (84.2) | 164 (85.0) | 54 (91.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Moderate smokers | 65 (15.4) | 23 (11.9) | 4 (6.8) | 0.77 (0.46–1.28) | 0.47 (0.02–0.92) | 0.41 (0.14–1.16) | 0.17 (0.01–2,14) |
Heavy smokers | 2 (0.4) | 6 (3.1) | 1 (1.7) | 6.51 (1.30–32.0) | 6.82 (1.09–4.30) | 3.30 (0.30–37.0) | 5.97 (0.47–76.0) |
THIRD TRIMESTER | |||||||
Non-smokers | 357 (84.4) | 165 (85.5) | 54 (91.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Moderate smokers | 64 (15.2) | 22 (11.4) | 4 (6.8) | 0.74 (0.44–1.25) | 0.96 (0.54–1.69) | 0.41 (0.14–1.16) | 0.43 (0.10–1.18) |
Heavy smokers | 2 (0.4) | 6 (3.1) | 1 (1.7) | 6.49 (1.30–32.0) | 6.81 (1.09–42.7) | 3.30 (0.30–37.0) | 6.03 (0.47–77.0) |
BREASTFEEDINGc | |||||||
No smokers | 357 (84.4) | 164 (85.0) | 55 (93.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Moderate smokers | 64 (15.2) | 22 (11.4) | 3 (5.1) | 0.75 (0.45–1.26) | 0.94 (0.53–1.66) | 0.30 (0.09–1.00) | 0.37 (0.11–1.28) |
Heavy smokers | 2 (0.4) | 7 (3.6) | 1 (1.7) | 7.62 (1.57–32.0) | 7.78 (1.33–45.5) | 3.25 (0.29–36.4) | 6.05 (0.47–77.0) |
aAdjusted OR by maternal age at birth, maternal education, oral contraceptives use during pregnancy, birth weight, and infant skin color.
bThree months before pregnancy.
cThree months after birth.