Table 4.
Outcomes for PITC and VCT clients across four clinical management indicators
| Programmatic outcomes1 | Number of clients | Crude odds ratio7 | p | Adjusted odds ratio8 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dead in 90 days2 | |||||
| VCT3 | 155/8680 (1.8%) | Referent | Referent | ||
| PITC4 | 75/2239 (3.3%) | 1.91 (1.44–2.52) | <.001 | 1.36 (0.94–1.96) | 0.100 |
| Initiated on ART if eligible5 | |||||
| VCT | 4523/6520 (69.4%) | Referent | Referent | ||
| PITC | 1187/1655 (71.7%) | 1.12 (0.99–1.26) | 0.063 | 0.90 (0.82–0.97) | 0.010 |
| Time to ART initiation<4 weeks (among those who initiated) | |||||
| VCT | 2828/4523 (62.5%) | Referent | Referent | ||
| PITC | 665/1187 (56.0%) | 0.76 (0.67–0.87) | <.001 | 0.86 (0.75–0.99) | 0.035 |
| Retained in care at 6 months | |||||
| VCT | 3765/6079 (61.9%) | Referent | Referent | ||
| PITC | 1105/1929 (57.3%) | 0.82 (0.74–0.91) | <.001 | 0.84 (0.74–0.95) | 0.004 |
| MPR6 >95 after 6 months on ART | |||||
| VCT | 1604/2880 (55.7%) | Referent | Referent | ||
| PITC | 543/933 (58.2%) | 1.11 (0.95–1.29) | 0.180 | 1.00 (0.79–1.27) | 0.982 |
Denominator for those included in programmatic outcome includes those with sufficient follow-up time and those with data available in the electronic medical record. For example, MPR<95 after six months on ART was assessed amongst those initiated on ART for at least six months within the time parameters. Additionally, since the study relied on routinely collected data some clients had missing data excluding them from analysis.
Dead in 90 Days=clients recorded as dead within 90 days of enrolling in HIV care and treatment.
VCT=Clients who tested positive to HIV in any (on-site or off-site) voluntary HIV testing services and enrolled in HIV care in an integrated clinic, up to study cut-off date.
PITC=Clients who tested positive to HIV in provider-initiated testing services available in an integrated clinic and subsequently enrolled in HIV care up to study cut-off date.
Initiated on ART if eligible=clients enrolled in HIV care and treatment and initiated on antiretroviral therapy if eligible according to Zambian national guidelines.
MPR=Medication possession ratio, an estimation of client adherence to individual antiretroviral drug regime.
Crude odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) computed using logistic regression models to assess the relationship between testing group and the five programmatic outcomes.
Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and their corresponding 95% CIs generated using generalized estimating equations to account for clustering by site; adjusted for age, sex, CD4 cell count, BMI, HGB, TB status at enrolment, education level and partner HIV status.