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Difference between wild-type and Smad3-null mice in LCA-induced liver injury. (A) Liver mass of wild-type and Smad3-null after LCA exposure. Serum ALT (B) and ALP (C) activities. Significance was determined by one way-ANOVA with Bonferroni's test (*P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001). NS, no significance. Liver histology with hematoxylin and eosin staining (D) and with immunostaining for TGFβ and phosphorylated SMAD3 (E).
