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Chemical structure of homoserine lactone-based bacterial signaling molecules. The acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) found in Proteobacteria vary by substitution at the C3 position (R1) and the length and unsaturation at the C1 position indicated by R2. Shown also is the structure of the first aroyl-homoserine lactone, para-coumaroyl-HSL (pC-HSL).
