Figure 1.

Mdm2 and MdmX regulate gene expression by multiple modes. Mdm2 and MdmX affect p53-mediated target gene selectivity both directly and indirectly. First, they regulate enzymes that catalyze p53 post-translational modifications as well as p53-mediated chromatin remodeling and p53 interacting co-factors that influence target gene selectivity. Through direct binding to p53, they also regulate its activities. Second, Mdm2 and MdmX influence the activity of transcription factors other than p53. Third, Mdm2 also interacts with chromatin. where it influences chromatin modifications. Fourth, Mdm2 regulates the stability and translation of a number of mRNA transcripts.