Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of men (n = 255,696) and women (n = 179,990) in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health study by quintile of added and total sugars intake1
| Added sugars (tsp/1000 kcal) | Total sugars (g/1000 kcal) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Men | Women | Men | Women | ||||
| Q1 ≤ 2.9 |
Q5 ≥ 8.6 |
Q1 ≤ 3.1 |
Q5 ≥ 8.3 |
Q1 ≤ 40.7 |
Q5 ≥ 73.8 |
Q1 ≤ 46.0 |
Q5 ≥ 79.9 |
|
| Added sugars2, (tsp3/1000 kcal) | 2.1 | 12.6 | 2.3 | 12.6 | 3.1 | 10.1 | 3.5 | 9.7 |
| Total sugars2, (g/1000 kcal) | 44.8 | 78.5 | 51.9 | 82.7 | 32.5 | 90.1 | 37.2 | 96.6 |
| Age2, (years) | 62.1 | 61.3 | 61.9 | 61.1 | 61.5 | 61.9 | 61.3 | 61.8 |
| BMI2, (kg/m2) | 27.4 | 26.9 | 26.2 | 26.8 | 27.7 | 26.7 | 27.0 | 26.2 |
| 1st degree relative with cancer, (%) | 46.5 | 46.8 | 50.2 | 51.1 | 47.7 | 45.9 | 51.7 | 49.6 |
| Married, (%) | 83.0 | 85.1 | 46.1 | 41.0 | 84.7 | 82.8 | 48.5 | 38.5 |
| HRT users, (%) | 46.6 | 40.1 | 46.8 | 40.7 | ||||
| Race | ||||||||
| Caucasian White, (%) | 92.8 | 91.7 | 90.1 | 87.0 | 94.1 | 89.9 | 92.4 | 83.9 |
| African American, (%) | 1.6 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 8.8 | 1.3 | 4.7 | 2.6 | 10.2 |
| Physical activity ≥ 5 times/wk, (%) | 23.9 | 18.3 | 19.1 | 12.8 | 18.2 | 24.0 | 13.0 | 19.0 |
| Education, College graduate or postgraduate, (%) | 50.9 | 34.3 | 33.9 | 23.1 | 45.7 | 41.5 | 29.4 | 28.5 |
| Current smoker or quit <1yr ago, (%) | 10.5 | 18.4 | 16.9 | 22.7 | 16.1 | 11.2 | 22.3 | 15.0 |
| Dietary intake | ||||||||
| Calories2, (kcal/d) | 1945 | 2154 | 1452 | 1706 | 2162 | 1988 | 1560 | 1608 |
| Total fat2, (g/1000 kcal) | 31.7 | 33.4 | 33.1 | 32.8 | 36.9 | 27.7 | 39.3 | 26.3 |
| Protein2, (g/1000 kcal) | 39.0 | 33.3 | 40.5 | 33.0 | 39.0 | 34.2 | 40.6 | 34.3 |
| Carbohydrate2, (g/1000 kcal) | 117 | 140 | 127 | 146 | 102 | 155 | 111 | 162 |
| Total fructose2, (g/1000 kcal) | 18.7 | 34.9 | 22.0 | 36.4 | 12.9 | 40.0 | 14.9 | 42.7 |
| Added fructose2, (g/1000 kcal) | 13.3 | 31.5 | 14.9 | 31.9 | 10.0 | 33.8 | 11.0 | 34.7 |
| Sucrose2, (g/1000 kcal) | 14.4 | 34.2 | 16.4 | 36.4 | 12.7 | 33.3 | 14.7 | 35.0 |
| Added sucrose2, (g/1000 kcal) | 9.1 | 30.6 | 9.5 | 31.9 | 9.5 | 27.5 | 10.6 | 27.7 |
| Glucose2, (g/1000 kcal) | 11.0 | 17.2 | 12.7 | 17.7 | 7.2 | 21.3 | 8.1 | 22.9 |
| Dietary fiber2, (g/1000 kcal) | 11.3 | 8.3 | 12.7 | 9.1 | 9.2 | 10.6 | 10.2 | 11.8 |
| Alcohol2, (g) | 37.9 | 7.8 | 12.6 | 3.0 | 42.9 | 5.8 | 13.4 | 2.4 |
| Calcium2, (mg/1000 kcal) | 383 | 365 | 431 | 405 | 316 | 464 | 357 | 522 |
| Calcium supplement2, (mg/d) | 161 | 120 | 418 | 314 | 130 | 155 | 351 | 388 |
| Folate2, (µg/1000 kcal) | 239 | 191 | 263 | 201 | 201 | 234 | 222 | 248 |
| Vitamin C2, (mg/1000 kcal) | 96.1 | 68.4 | 118.5 | 81.4 | 52.6 | 121.6 | 66.7 | 142.6 |
| Beta carotene2, (mg/1000 kcal) | 2527 | 1492 | 3743 | 2068 | 1752 | 2194 | 2586 | 3126 |
| Vegetables2, (cup equivalents/1000 kcal) | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.1 |
| Fruit (including juice)2, (cup equivalents/1000 kcal) | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 2.1 |
| Fruit (excluding fruit juice)2, (g/1000kcal) | 0.7 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 1.2 |
| Red meat2, (g/1000 kcal) | 37.9 | 36.7 | 30.9 | 28.0 | 48.8 | 26.3 | 40.7 | 19.3 |
1
P for trend < 0.0001 for all variables except for 1st degree relative with cancer across added sugars intake (men, P = 0.12; women, P = 0.02), as estimated by the Cohrain-Armitage tests for categorical variables and the t test for slope in generalized linear models for continuous variables.
2
Mean value.
3
One teaspoon of added sugars equals 4.2 grams total sugars 50.