Table 3.
Bivariate and multivariate associations between selected factors and HIV Infection among 729 Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) in four cities in Indonesia, 2007
|
Factors |
Bivariate Analysis |
Multivariate Analysis |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p-value | Adjusted Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p- value | |
| Age (continuous) |
1.07 |
1.04 – 1.11 |
<0.001 |
|
|
|
| Duration injecting drugs (continuous) |
1.16 |
1.12 - 1.21 |
<0.001 |
1.14 |
1.09 - 1.20 |
<0.001 |
| No. injections past week (continuous) |
1.02 |
0.89 - 1.18 |
0.300 |
|
|
|
| No. people who shared injection with last week |
0.97 |
0.93 – 1.02 |
0.254 |
|
|
|
| Shared needles in last week * |
1.16 |
0.82 – 1.47 |
0.537 |
|
|
|
| Shared drugs after mixing with water last week * |
1.16 |
0.72 – 1.29 |
0.803 |
|
|
|
| Injected in park last week * |
1.19 |
1.24 - 2.44 |
0.001 |
1.64 |
1.11 - 2.42 |
0.012 |
| Received needles from NSP last week * |
0.86 |
0.60 - 1.24 |
0.426 |
|
|
|
| Participated in methadone program last year * |
1.43 |
1.05 - 1.94 |
0.022 |
|
|
|
| Participated in rehabilitation program last year * |
1.41 |
1.09 - 1.82 |
0.009 |
|
|
|
| Used oral methamphetamines last 3 months* |
0.93 |
0.76 - 1.13 |
0.457 |
|
|
|
| Ever reached by outreach worker * |
1.44 |
1.05 - 1.96 |
0.023 |
|
|
|
| Ever been jailed * |
1.86 |
1.43 - 2.42 |
<0.001 |
1.58 |
1.13 - 2.21 |
0.007 |
| Had unprotected commercial sex past month |
0.82 |
0.59 - 1.14 |
0.233 |
|
|
|
| Ever tested for HIV * |
1.57 |
1.20 - 2.01 |
0.001 |
|
|
|
| Tested positive for gonorrhoea and/or chlamydia* |
0.53 |
0.29 - 0.96 |
0.036 |
0.51 |
0.27 - 0.94 |
0.032 |
| Tested positive for syphilis* | 1.51 | 0.48 - 4.70 | 0.477 | |||
* For indicated variables, “no” is reference category with OR = 1.0 (not shown).
Note. NSP; Needle Syringe Program.