Table 2.
BMI, % recent weight lost, diet, and physical activity means as a function of lifestyle and weight control behaviors
| Lifestyle behaviors | Level | BMI | % weight lost | Fat & sugar (z-scores) | Fruits & veggies (z-scores) | Physical activity (kcal per week) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eat breakfast |
< daily |
29.0 |
|
15.6† |
|
0.02 |
|
−0.15* |
|
1743* |
|
| |
daily |
28.2 |
|
16.5 |
|
−0.01 |
|
0.10 |
|
2156 |
|
| Eat lunch |
< daily |
29.0† |
|
15.6† |
|
0.01 |
|
−0.21*** |
|
1938 |
|
| |
daily |
28.1 |
|
16.5 |
|
−0.01 |
|
0.13 |
|
2054 |
|
| Eat dinner |
< daily |
29.1 |
|
16.0 |
|
−0.01 |
|
−0.16* |
|
2017 |
|
| |
daily |
28.3 |
|
16.2 |
|
0.01 |
|
0.07 |
|
1993 |
|
| Eat after 7 p.m. |
< 3/week |
28.0† |
|
15.6† |
|
−0.03 |
|
−0.001 |
|
1934 |
|
| |
3 +/week |
28.9 |
|
16.6 |
|
0.02 |
|
0.01 |
|
2043 |
|
| Snack with TV |
< 3/week |
28.4 |
|
15.8† |
|
−0.06† |
|
−0.04 |
|
2095 |
|
| |
3 +/week |
28.7 |
|
16.8 |
|
0.11 |
|
0.09 |
|
1847 |
|
| Meal with TV |
< 3/week |
28.2 |
|
16.3 |
|
−0.04 |
|
−0.07 |
|
2020 |
|
| |
3 +/week |
28.7 |
|
16.1 |
|
0.04 |
|
0.09 |
|
1987 |
|
| TV viewing |
< 2 hr/day |
27.9** |
|
16.6† |
|
−0.07† |
|
0.06 |
|
2150* |
|
| |
2 + hr/day |
29.2 |
|
15.6 |
|
0.09 |
|
−0.06 |
|
1826 |
|
| Food from work |
none |
28.6 |
|
16.2 |
|
0.01 |
|
0.08† |
|
1996 |
|
| |
1 +/week |
28.3 |
|
16.1 |
|
−0.01 |
|
−0.10 |
|
2005 |
|
| Food from sit down |
none |
28.4 |
|
16.1 |
|
−0.06 |
|
0.01 |
|
1883 |
|
| |
1 +/week |
28.5 |
|
16.2 |
|
0.03 |
|
0.004 |
|
2026 |
|
| Food from fast food |
none |
28.1† |
|
17.0** |
|
−0.07 |
|
0.17*** |
|
2171* |
|
| |
1 +/week |
28.9 |
|
15.3 |
|
0.08 |
|
−0.17 |
|
1818 |
|
| Food from convenience store |
none |
28.2** |
|
16.3 |
|
−0.07*** |
|
0.02 |
|
2017 |
|
| |
1 +/week |
30.1 |
|
15.5 |
|
0.42 |
|
−0.10 |
|
1904 |
|
| Food from fundraiser |
none |
28.6 |
|
16.2 |
|
−0.03** |
|
0.01 |
|
2020 |
|
| |
1 +/week |
27.4 |
|
15.4 |
|
0.55 |
|
−0.10 |
|
1621 |
|
| Self-weighing |
< daily |
28.7 |
|
16.3 |
|
0.09† |
|
0.001 |
|
1900 |
|
| |
daily or more |
28.3 |
|
16.0 |
|
−0.09 |
|
0.01 |
|
2110 |
|
| Write down calorie content |
rarely or less |
28.5 |
|
15.7*** |
|
0.05† |
|
−0.09*** |
|
1893* |
|
| |
sometimes or more |
28.3 |
|
17.6 |
|
−0.14 |
|
0.28 |
|
2315 |
|
| Write down exercise |
rarely or less |
28.4 |
|
16.0 |
|
0.03 |
|
−0.03 |
|
1680*** |
|
| |
sometimes or more |
28.6 |
|
16.4 |
|
−0.04 |
|
0.06 |
|
2486 |
|
| Use meal replacements |
rarely or less |
28.4 |
|
15.8* |
|
0.001 |
|
−0.002 |
|
2044 |
|
| |
sometimes or more |
28.9 |
|
17.4 |
|
0.01 |
|
0.02 |
|
1834 |
|
| Plan meals |
sometimes or less |
29.2* |
|
15.0** |
|
0.20** |
|
−0.26*** |
|
1720* |
|
| |
often or more |
28.1 |
|
16.8 |
|
−0.10 |
|
0.14 |
|
2142 |
|
| Plan exercise |
sometimes or less |
28.8 |
|
15.5* |
|
0.11† |
|
−0.08 |
|
1236*** |
|
| often or more | 28.3 | 16.6 | −0.06 | 0.05 | 2459 | ||||||
All ANOVAs control for age, gender, race (white versus not), and marital status (married versus not). Significance level of mean differences: † p < .10, * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001.