Table 2. Multivariate logistic regression models of HTN (non-car use, n = 394).
| Self-reported HTN | Self-reported HTN and BP measurements | |||||||||||||||
| Model 1A | Model 1B | Model 2A | Model 2B | |||||||||||||
| aOR | 95%CI | aOR | 95%CI | aOR | 95%CI | aOR | 95%CI | |||||||||
| Road network distance | ||||||||||||||||
| Close distance (reference) | ||||||||||||||||
| Moderate distance | 2.21 | 1.19 | – | 4.08 | 2.29 | 1.26 | – | 4.18 | 1.37 | 0.80 | – | 2.36 | 1.43 | 0.83 | – | 2.45 |
| Far distance | 2.55 | 1.00 | – | 6.51 | 2.73 | 1.09 | – | 6.82 | 1.20 | 0.52 | – | 2.75 | 1.27 | 0.55 | – | 2.91 |
| Elevation | ||||||||||||||||
| Low elevation (reference) | ||||||||||||||||
| Moderate elevation | 0.73 | 0.38 | – | 1.43 | 0.74 | 0.39 | – | 1.43 | 0.84 | 0.47 | – | 1.51 | 0.86 | 0.48 | – | 1.54 |
| High elevation | 0.50 | 0.19 | – | 1.28 | 0.53 | 0.21 | – | 1.32 | 0.70 | 0.30 | – | 1.62 | 0.72 | 0.31 | – | 1.65 |
| Age | 1.06 | 1.01 | – | 1.12 | 1.06 | 1.01 | – | 1.11 | 1.04 | 1.00 | – | 1.09 | 1.04 | 1.00 | – | 1.08 |
| Sex | 1.44 | 0.63 | – | 3.28 | 1.12 | 0.50 | – | 2.52 | 1.50 | 0.73 | – | 3.08 | 1.36 | 0.67 | – | 2.79 |
| Employment | ||||||||||||||||
| Agriculture (reference) | ||||||||||||||||
| Self-employed | 1.86 | 0.70 | – | 4.97 | 1.63 | 0.63 | – | 4.19 | 2.33 | 0.98 | – | 5.50 | 1.97 | 0.83 | – | 4.63 |
| Other | 2.19 | 0.93 | – | 5.15 | 1.81 | 0.79 | – | 4.15 | 2.35 | 1.11 | – | 4.99 | 2.02 | 0.96 | – | 4.24 |
| Unemployed | 2.24 | 1.15 | – | 4.35 | 1.88 | 1.00 | – | 3.56 | 2.28 | 1.27 | – | 4.08 | 1.95 | 1.10 | – | 3.46 |
| Medication use | ||||||||||||||||
| Dyslipidemia | 4.13 | 2.24 | – | 7.58 | 3.79 | 2.07 | – | 6.93 | 2.80 | 1.52 | – | 5.15 | 2.90 | 1.57 | – | 5.35 |
| Diabetes | 1.27 | 0.39 | – | 4.07 | 1.60 | 0.51 | – | 5.01 | 1.60 | 0.48 | – | 5.23 | 1.55 | 0.47 | – | 5.07 |
| Smoking | 0.16 | 0.01 | – | 1.49 | 0.17 | 0.01 | – | 1.49 | 0.48 | 0.13 | – | 1.79 | 0.49 | 0.13 | – | 1.84 |
| Alcohol consumption | 0.93 | 0.47 | – | 1.83 | 1.04 | 0.54 | – | 2.01 | 0.76 | 0.42 | – | 1.38 | 0.80 | 0.44 | – | 1.44 |
| BMI | 1.13 | 1.04 | – | 1.24 | 1.11 | 1.02 | – | 1.21 | 1.15 | 1.06 | – | 1.25 | 1.15 | 1.06 | – | 1.25 |
| Physical activity | 1.12 | 0.67 | – | 1.86 | 1.12 | 0.68 | – | 1.84 | 1.04 | 0.66 | – | 1.64 | 1.01 | 0.64 | – | 1.58 |
| Stress | 1.07 | 0.65 | – | 1.76 | 1.10 | 0.68 | – | 1.79 | 0.93 | 0.60 | – | 1.45 | 0.91 | 0.58 | – | 1.41 |
| Distance to the nearest bus stop | 1.54 | 0.90 | – | 2.61 | 1.44 | 0.86 | – | 2.42 | 1.49 | 0.92 | – | 2.40 | 1.46 | 0.91 | – | 2.36 |
| Distance to the nearest clinic | 1.38 | 0.79 | – | 2.41 | 1.23 | 0.72 | – | 2.13 | 1.08 | 0.65 | – | 1.79 | 1.05 | 0.64 | – | 1.73 |
Reference categories are female, non-smoking, non-drinker, did not engage in physical activity regularly, did not feel stress, close distance to the nearest bus stop, and close distance to the nearest clinic.
In Model 1A, HTN is defined by self-report (taking antihypertensive medication). In Model 1B, HTN is defined by self-report (taking antihypertensive medication or under treatment for HTN without medication). In Model 2A, HTN is defined by self-report and measuring BP (taking antihypertensive medication or BP≥140/90 mm Hg for SBP/DBP). In Model 2B, HTN is defined by self-report and measuring BP (taking antihypertensive medication or under treatment for HTN without medication or BP≥140/90 mm Hg for SBP/DBP).
HTN, hypertension; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BP, blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index.