Table 3.
Association of % Macronutrient (Carbohydrate, Fat, Protein, Sugar) With Incident MCI
| Variable | Quartiles |
P Value Trend a |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | ||
| % Total carbohydrate | |||||
| Cutpoint (%) | < 47 | 47 – 52 | 53 – 58 | > 58 | |
| Incident MCI, N (%) | 36 (15) | 42 (18) | 52 (22) | 70 (30) | |
| HR (95% CI)b | 1.0 (referent) | 0.99 (0.64–1.55) | 1.21 (0.79–1.85) | 1.80 (1.19–2.74) | 0.007 |
| HR (95% CI)c | 1.0 (referent) | 0.91 (0.55–1.50) | 1.23 (0.76–1.99) | 1.89 (1.17–3.06) | 0.004 |
| % Total Fat | |||||
| Cutpoint (%) | < 27 | 27 – 31 | 32 – 35 | > 35 | |
| Incident MCI, N (%) | 63 (27) | 58 (25) | 38 (16) | 41 (18) | |
| HR (95% CI)b | 1.0 (referent) | 0.81 (0.56–1.18) | 0.50 (0.33–0.76) | 0.58 (0.39–0.88) | 0.005 |
| HR (95% CI)c | 1.0 (referent) | 0.78 (0.52–1.19) | 0.52 (0.32–0.84) | 0.56 (0.34–0.91) | 0.03 |
| % Total Protein | |||||
| Cutpoint (%) | < 16 | 16 – 18 | 19 – 20 | > 20 | |
| Incident MCI, N (%) | 63 (27) | 42 (18) | 41 (17) | 54 (23) | |
| HR (95% CI)b | 1.0 (referent) | 0.70 (0.47–1.03) | 0.70 (0.47–1.05) | 1.02 (0.69–1.49) | 0.09 |
| HR (95% CI)c | 1.0 (referent) | 0.60 (0.39–0.91) | 0.57 (0.36–0.89) | 0.79 (0.52–1.20) | 0.03 |
| % Total Sugar | |||||
| Cutpoint (%) | < 19 | 19 – 23 | 24 – 27 | > 27 | |
| Incident MCI, N (%) | 38 (16) | 52 (22) | 44 (19) | 66 (28) | |
| HR (95% CI)b | 1.0 (referent) | 1.22 (0.81–1.85) | 0.91 (0.59–1.42) | 1.48 (0.98–2.24) | 0.07 |
| HR (95% CI)c | 1.0 (referent) | 1.18 (0.74–1.87) | 0.84 (0.51–1.36) | 1.51 (0.94–2.41) | 0.05 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; MCI, mild cognitive impairment
a
Test for trend across quartiles.
b
Model 1, adjusted for sex, education (continuous), total daily energy (continuous), non-participation at baseline, and a single macronutrient.
c
Model 2, adjusted for model 1 variables with additional adjustment for APOE ε4, type 2 diabetes mellitus, depressive symptoms, body mass index (continuous), stroke, marital status, smoking status, alcohol (continuous), occupation (continuous), and frequency of moderate exercise.