Table 3.
Mean and Standard Deviation by Participant Group and Condition for the Color-Shape Task
| Participant group | Language | Nonlinguistic task RTs
|
Mix cost | Switch cost | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single
|
Stay
|
Switch
|
|||||||
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | ||||
| Older bilinguals | Color | 781 | 118 | 854 | 181 | 937 | 173 | 74 | 82 |
| Shape | 806 | 124 | 898 | 212 | 955 | 204 | 92 | 57 | |
| Difference | 25 | 44 | 18 | ||||||
| Young bilinguals | Color | 556 | 90 | 605 | 123 | 670 | 146 | 50 | 65 |
| Shape | 555 | 93 | 624 | 133 | 654 | 149 | 69 | 30 | |
| Difference | −1 | 19 | −16 | ||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Participant group | Language | Nonlinguistic task percent errors
|
Mix cost | Switch cost | |||||
| Single
|
Stay
|
Switch
|
|||||||
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Older bilinguals | Color | 3.4 | 0.1 | 6.4 | 0.1 | 12.7 | 0.1 | 3.0 | 6.4 |
| Shape | 3.4 | 0.1 | 11.5 | 0.1 | 13.9 | 0.1 | 8.1 | 2.4 | |
| Difference | 0.0 | 5.1 | 1.1 | ||||||
| Young bilinguals | Color | 1.1 | 0.0 | 2.8 | 0.0 | 5.8 | 0.1 | 1.8 | 3.0 |
| Shape | 0.8 | 0.0 | 2.6 | 0.1 | 4.1 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 1.5 | |
| Difference | −0.3 | −0.2 | −1.7 | ||||||
Note. RT = reaction time.