Six normal volunteers were subjected to 30 min cooling with the indicated pad positioning and temperature without or with 0.15% capsaicin applied beneath the pad. Core temperature was recorded from esophageal probes just before and every 5 min during each 30 min cooling period. A. The mean temperature for 30 min cooling period was calculated from the six individual measurements. B. The starting temperature for each cooling period is shown C. The change in core temperature during cooling was calculated as the difference between the core temperatures at the end and beginning of each 30 min cooling period. Individual subject data and mean ± SE are shown. *, †, and ¶ denote p < 0.05 vs. 10°C vest, 5°C vest, and 5°C vest with capsaicin, respectively.