Table 1.
General characteristics of the study population with and without depression (n = 20,084)
| Characteristics |
Men (n = 9,118) |
Women (n = 10,966) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-depression (n = 8,702) | Depression (n = 416) | Non-depression (n = 10,094) | Depression (n = 872) | |
| Age (years) |
46.5 ± 0.4 |
56.4 ± 2.1* |
50.1 ± 0.5 |
58.6 ± 1.8* |
| Smoking status |
|
|
|
|
| Never smokers |
2,687 (30.9) |
99 (22.1)* |
9,843 (97.7) |
798 (89.3)† |
| Former smokers |
2,333 (24.0) |
138 (28.7) |
76 (0.3) |
23 (2.8) |
| Current smokers |
3,682 (45.0) |
179 (49.1) |
175 (1.6) |
51 (7.8) |
| Pack-years of smoking |
13.8 ± 0.4 |
20.3 ± 2.4* |
0.2 ± 0.2 |
1.3 ± 0.5 |
| Age of starting smoking |
20.7 ± 0.1 |
20.8 ± 0.6 |
31.0 ± 2.0 |
35.6 ± 5.3 |
| Duration of smoking cessation |
13.0 ± 0.6 |
17.9 ± 3.9* |
16.3 ± 4.0 |
15.5 ± 6.5* |
| Household Income |
|
|
|
|
| < one million won |
2,494 (20.1) |
260 (53.6)* |
3,735 (26.7) |
538 (53.2)* |
| < two million won |
2,127 (21.1) |
75 (18.3) |
2,256 (20.6) |
129 (15.9) |
| < three million won |
1,655 (21.8) |
27 (9.7) |
1,647 (19.2) |
94 (15.0) |
| ≧ three million won |
2,421 (36.8) |
53 (18.2) |
2,450 (33.3) |
110 (15.7) |
| Education level |
|
|
|
|
| Uneducated |
805 (5.8) |
116 (22.2)* |
3,153 (22.1) |
489 (48.3)* |
| Elementary and Middle school |
3,360 (28.3) |
176 (38.0) |
3,497 (29.4) |
209 (22.5) |
| High school and College |
4,537 (65.8) |
123 (39.7) |
3,441 (48.4) |
174 (29.0) |
| Marital status |
|
|
|
|
| Married/partnered |
6,573 (68.5) |
255 (54.2)* |
6,482 (64.4) |
363 (40.2)* |
| Never married/non-partnered |
2,129 (31.4) |
160 (45.7) |
3,611 (35.5) |
509 (59.7) |
| Job status |
|
|
|
|
| Non-manual |
1,332 (19.5) |
20 (6.8)* |
982 (13.9) |
43 (6.8)* |
| Manual |
5,814 (61.2) |
155 (37.1) |
4,518 (36.9) |
237 (25.1) |
| Others |
1,558 (19.2) |
241 (56.0) |
4,594 (49.0) |
592 (68.0) |
| Hypertension |
1,607 (13.7) |
118 (24.6)* |
2,475 (18.3) |
319 (33.8)* |
| Diabetes Mellitus |
715 (6.5) |
63 (14.5)† |
766 (5.9) |
119 (12.6)† |
| Cerebrovascular disease |
363 (3.0) |
65 (8.9)* |
413 (3.2) |
100 (9.8)* |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) |
24.0 ± 0.2 |
24.2 ± 1.8 |
24.6 ± 0.4 |
28.1 ± 2.1* |
| Physical activity | 2,971 (33.2) | 82 (19.4)* | 2,608 (23.8) | 164 (16.8)* |
Data are presented as mean (standard error) or unweighted number (weighted percent).
* p <0.001.
† p <0.05.