Table 2.

Sequential models for the trajectory of functional status (time variable centered at 1996).

Covariates	M₀	M₁	M₂	M₃	M₄
Time varying covariates
Proxy interview _t−1		7.854^***	7.436^***	7.382^***	5.591
Δ Proxy interview _t−1,t		5.570^***	5.353^***	5.305^***	4.528
Married _t−1				−0.206	−0.189
Δ Marital status _t−1,t				−0.092	0.056
Emotional support _t−1				1.402^**	−0.071
Δ Emotional support _t−1,t				1.136	0.059
Instrumental support _t−1				−0.685^*	−1.029**
ΔInstrumental support _t−1,t				−0.325	−0.623^**
Self-rated health _t−1					0.987^***
Δ Self-rated health _t−1,t					0.850^***
Diseasest-1					0.146^**
Δ Diseases _t−1,t					0.120^***
Depressive symptoms _t−1					0.151^***
Δ Depressive symptoms _t−1,t					0.136^***
For intercept, π₀
Intercept	2.867^***	0.844^***	0.057	0.547^*	−1.453^***
Dead		2.631^***	2.192^***	2.104^***	1.428^***
Ever attrited		0.496^*	0.596^**	0.592^**	0.440^*
Age in 1993			0.081^***	0.073^***	0.051^**
Female			1.265^***	1.012^***	0.317
Age in 1993 × female			0.089^**	0.085^**	0.062^**
Fuchienese			0.374^*	0.161	0.253
Hakka			0.212	0.068	0.252
Education				−0.060^**	−0.007
Functional status in 1989					0.420^***
For linear slope, π₁
Intercept	0.322^***	0.114^***	0.073^*	0.089	0.070
Dead		0.360^***	0.347^***	0.347^***	0.302^***
Ever attrited		−0.011	−0.008	−0.004	−0.007
Age in 1993			0.009^**	0.008^**	0.009^**
Female			0.100^**	0.086^*	0.083^*
Age in 1993 × female			−0.004	−0.004	−0.002
Fuchienese			−0.004	−0.020	−0.004
Hakka			0.027	0.018	0.035
Education				−0.003	−0.002
Functional status in 1989					−0.009
For quadratic slope, π₂
Intercept	0.019^***	0.026^***	0.025^***	0.032^**	0.031^**
Dead		0.027	0.018	0.021	0.011
Ever attrited		0.004	0.003	0.002	0.005
Age in 1993			0.002	0.002	0.001
Female			0.004	0.003	0.004
Age in 1993 × female			0.001	0.001	0.001
Fuchienese			0.000	−0.002	−0.006
Hakka			0.007	0.004	0.003
Education				−0.001	−0.001
Functional status in 1989					0.002
Random effect	Variance	Variance	Variance	Variance	Variance
Intercept	17.608	8.859	7.685	7.607	5.180
Linear time slope	0.130	0.063	0.059	0.059	0.043
Quadratic time slope	0.004	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003
Level-1, R	6.535	6.277	6.259	6.226	5.837
AIC fit index	60,061	57,383	56,835	56,767	54,916
BIC	60,123	57,493	57,038	57,025	55,229

AIC = Akaike’s information criterion. BIC = Bayesian information criterion.

p < 0.05,

^**

p < 0.01,

^***

p < 0.001.