TABLE 2.
Demographics, Injury Severity, and Initial Physiology
| Shock and TBI Cohorts (N = 2,049) |
Shock Cohort (N = 811) |
TBI Only Cohort (N = 1,238) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Transport N = 703) |
Ground Transport (N = 1,346) |
p | Air Transport (N = 211) |
Ground Transport (N = 600) |
p | Air Transport (N = 492) |
Ground Transport (N = 746) |
p | |
| Age (yr), mean (SD) | 37.8 (17.4) | 38.2 (18.0) | 0.609 | 39.2 (17.6) | 35.7 (16.1) | 0.011 | 37.1 (17.2) | 40.2 (19.2) | 0.004 |
| Male gender, N (%) | 525 (74.7) | 1,055 (78.4) | 0.060 | 154 (73.0) | 478 (79.7) | 0.048 | 371 (75.4) | 577 (77.3) | 0.431 |
| Blunt trauma, N (%) | 661 (94.0) | 1,051 (78.1) | <0.0001 | 176 (83.4) | 316 (52.7) | <0.0001 | 485 (98.6) | 735 (98.5) | 0.941 |
| Penetrating trauma, N (%) | 42 (6.0) | 286 (21.2) | <0.0001 | 35 (16.6) | 275 (45.8) | <0.0001 | 7 (1.4) | 11 (1.5) | 0.941 |
| Shock cohort, N (%) | 122 (17.4) | 449 (33.4) | <0.0001 | 122 (57.8) | 449 (74.8) | <0.0001 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| TBI only cohort, N (%) | 492 (70.0) | 746 (55.4) | <0.0001 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 492 (100.0) | 746 (100.0) | ||
| Shock and TBI cohort, N (%) | 89 (12.7) | 151 (11.2) | 0.338 | 89 (42.2) | 151 (25.2) | <0.0001 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Lowest prehospital SBP (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 93.9 (39.6) | 90.7 (49.4) | 0.111 | 57.0 (31.6) | 51.4 (36.2) | 0.036 | 109.8 (31.2) | 123.3 (33.2) | <0.0001 |
| Highest prehospital HR (bpm), mean (SD) | 112.6 (24.5) | 107.8 (27.9) | <0.0001 | 122.8 (23.4) | 114.4 (27.8) | <0.0001 | 108.2 (23.6) | 102.4 (26.8) | <0.0001 |
| Out-of-hospital GCS score, mean (SD) | 6.2 (3.8) | 7.4 (4.5) | <0.0001 | 9.5 (5.0) | 10.3 (4.9) | 0.049 | 4.7 (1.9) | 5.2 (2.2) | 0.0002 |
| ISS, mean (SD) | 30.3 (15.1) | 22.8 (16.0) | <0.0001 | 28.3 (15.2) | 22.0 (16.2) | <0.0001 | 30.1 (15.1) | 23.4 (15.7) | <0.0001 |
| Head AIS score | 3.0 (2.0) | 2.2 (2.1) | <0.0001 | 1.6 (2.0) | 1.0 (1.8) | <0.0001 | 3.6 (1.8) | 3.1 (1.9) | <0.0001 |
| Chest AIS score | 2.1 (1.8) | 1.4 (1.8) | <0.0001 | 2.4 (1.8) | 1.7 (1.9) | <0.0001 | 2.0 (1.8) | 1.2 (1.7) | <0.0001 |
| Abdomen AIS score | 1.0 (1.4) | 0.9 (1.5) | 0.116 | 1.6 (1.7) | 1.3 (1.7) | 0.087 | 0.8 (1.3) | 0.6 (1.1) | 0.003 |
| Extremity AIS score | 1.4 (1.4) | 1.1 (1.4) | 0.0003 | 1.9 (1.5) | 1.4 (1.5) | 0.001 | 1.1 (1.3) | 0.9 (1.3) | 0.0002 |
| NISS, mean (SD) | 38.3 (18.1) | 30.1 (20.1) | <0.0001 | 34.7 (16.6) | 28.6 (19.4) | <0.0001 | 39.9 (18.5) | 31.2 (20.5) | <0.0001 |
| RTS, mean (SD) | 5.0 (1.5) | 5.1 (1.6) | 0.046 | 5.4 (2.0) | 5.3 (2.1) | 0.682 | 4.8 (1.1) | 5.0 (1.2) | 0.007 |
| TRISS probability outcome, mean (SD) | 0.62 (0.31) | 0.70 (0.31) | <0.0001 | 0.68 (0.32) | 0.70 (0.34) | 0.499 | 0.59 (0.30) | 0.70 (0.28) | <0.0001 |
| Admission SBP (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 125.9 (38.1) | 126.6 (40.7) | 0.696 | 103.5 (41.8) | 108.1 (41.6) | 0.168 | 135.4 (31.9) | 141.0 (33.5) | 0.003 |
| Admission hemoglobin (g/dL), mean (SD) | 11.7 (2.6) | 12.0 (2.5) | 0.008 | 10.3 (2.6) | 10.8 (2.5) | 0.016 | 12.2 (2.5) | 12.9 (2.1) | <0.0001 |
| Admission metabolic acidosis, N (%)* | 253 (73.6) | 501 (84.1) | <0.0001 | 85 (83.3) | 238 (89.1) | 0.141 | 168 (69.4) | 263 (79.9) | <0.0001 |
*
Arterial base deficit >6 mEq/L or lactate >2 mM.