Table 1.
Sample characteristics according to the presence of clinical lipodystrophy
| Without CL | With CL | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) |
139 |
206 |
|
| Gender [n (%)] |
|
|
|
| Male |
85 (61.2) |
154 (74.8) |
0.007 |
| Female |
54 (38.8) |
52 (25.2) |
|
| Age [years, mean (sd)] |
44.2 (12.1) |
46.9 (10.7) |
0.007 |
| Duration of HIV infection [years, median (IQR)] |
6.0 (5.0) |
9.0 (5.0) |
<0.001 |
| cART [years, median (IQR)] |
4.0 (5.0) |
8.0 (5.0) |
<0.001 |
| Weight [Kg, mean (sd)] |
73.7 (14.1) |
66.2 (12.4) |
<0.001 |
| Height [m, mean (sd)] |
1.65 (0.09) |
1.66 (0.09) |
0.368 |
| BMI [(kg/m2), median (IQR)] |
26.3 (5.9) |
23.8 (5.1) |
<0.001 |
| Waist circumference [cm, median (IQR)] |
94.0 (17.0) |
89.0 (14.5) |
<0.001 |
| Hip circumference [cm, median (IQR)] |
99.0 (11.0) |
91.0 (9.0) |
<0.001 |
| Thigh circumference [cm, mean (sd)] |
50.0 (5.5) |
46.1 (6.1) |
<0.001 |
| Arm circumference [cm, mean (sd)] |
28.1 (3.1) |
26.6 (4.1) |
<0.001 |
| Neck circumference [cm, mean (sd)] |
37.2 (3.7) |
37.1 (4.0) |
0.940 |
| CD4 cell count [cells/mm3, median (IQR)] |
446.5 (342.2) |
544.0 (387.0) |
0.008 |
| HIV RNA (<50) [n (%)] |
93 (81.6) |
163 (91.1) |
0.017 |
| Smoking history [n (%)] |
|
|
|
| Never |
61 (44.2) |
70 (34.8) |
0.219 |
| Current |
55 (39.9) |
93 (46.3) |
|
| Former |
22 (15.9) |
38 (18.9) |
|
| HIV risk factor [n (%)] |
|
|
|
| Injecting drug user |
28 (24.6) |
52 (30.6) |
0.247 |
| Homosexual contact |
10 (8.8) |
19 (11.2) |
|
| Heterosexual contact |
76 (65.8) |
90 (52.9) |
|
| Others |
1 (0.9) |
9 (5.3) |
|
| Hepatitis C co-infection [n (%)] |
31 (25.2) |
58 (31.4) |
0.300 |
| CDC [n (%)] |
|
|
|
| A |
62 (54.9) |
94 (53.4) |
0.037 |
| B |
4 (3.5) |
0 (0) |
|
| C |
47 (41.6) |
82 (46.6) |
|
| ART [n (%)] |
|
|
|
| IP |
67 (61.5) |
98 (55.4) |
0.310 |
| NNRTI |
47 (43.1) |
83 (46.9) |
0.534 |
| NRTI |
104 (95.4) |
175 (98.9) |
0.110 |
| Hypoglycemic therapy [n (%)] |
|
|
|
| Oral anti-diabetic drugs |
10.1 % (14) |
14.6 % (30) |
0.132 |
| Insulin |
4.3 % (6) |
7.3 % (15) |
0.261 |
| Body fat mass by quantitative CT |
|
|
|
| Total fat [cm2, median (IQR)] |
340.5 (196.6) |
213.6 (175.2) |
<0.001 |
| Central fat [cm2, median (IQR)] |
110.8 (111.4) |
114.8 (120.5) |
0.800 |
| Peripheral fat [cm2, median (IQR)] |
186.2 (172.0) |
78.7 (104.9) |
<0.001 |
| Central/peripheral fat ratio [cm2, median (IQR)] |
0.51 (0.55) |
1.34 (2.15) |
<0.001 |
| FMR by DXA [median (IQR)] | 1.06 (0.57) | 1.79 (1.37) | <0.001 |
(CL- clinical lipodystrophy; CDC - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for staging of HIV infection -; cART- combined antiretroviral therapy; BMI- body mass index; FMR – fat mass ratio; DXA –dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ; CT – computed tomography; PI – protease inhibitor; NNRTI –non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI – nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor).