TABLE 5.
Summary of publications on cholestatic pruritus and MARS therapy
| Author (reference), year | Country | MARS indication | n | Etiology | Cytokine outcome post-MARS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lisboa et al (present), 2012 | Canada | Intractable pruritus | 3 | PBC (n=2), BRIC (n=1) | ↓IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 (p40), RANTES, TGF-α, TNF-α, TPO |
| Gay et al (44), 2011 | Spain | Intractable pruritus | 5 | PBC (n=2), AIH (n=1), OLT graft rejection (n=1), Wilson disease (n=1) | CCL14, CCL15, PDGFA retained by MARS SAX |
| Novelli et al (45), 2011 | Italy | ACLF + positive endotoxin activity assay | 10 | Ethanol (n=5), HCV (n=3), HBV (n=1), PBC (n=1) | ↓IL-6, TNF-α |
| Wong et al (46), 2010 | Canada | Type 1 HRS | 6 | Ethanol (n=4), NASH (n=1), HCV (n=1) | =IL-6, TNF-α |
| Novelli et al (47), 2009 | Italy | ALF | 45 | Viral (n=21), other (n=19), unknown (n=5) | ↓IL-6, TNF-α |
| Novelli et al (48), 2009 | Italy | ALF | 10 | Ethanol (n=6), HBV (n=4) | ↓IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α |
| Roth et al (49), 2009 | Austria | ALF or ACLF | 21 | HCV (n=5), Wilson disease (n=3), trauma (n=2), AIH (n=1), PBC (n=1), toxic (n=1), unknown (n=3), other (n=5) | =MCP-1, IL-18 |
| Ilonen et al (50), 2006 | Finland | ALF or ACLF | 81 | ALF (n=49), ACLF (n=32) | ↓IL-10=IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, sIL-2Rα |
| Stadlbauer et al (51), 2006 | Austria | ACLF | 8 | Ethanol (n=5), HCV (n=1), OLT graft dysfunction (n=1), other (n=1) | =IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α despite demonstrable clearance |
| Isoniemi et al (52), 2005 | Finland | ALF | 49 | Toxic (n=26), unknown (n=19), miscellaneous (n=4) | ↓IL-10 |
| Di Campli et al (53), 2005 | Italy | ACLF | 13 | Ethanol (n=4), viral (n=5), NASH (n=1), Wilson disease (n=1), PSC (n=1), unknown (n=1) | ↓IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α in survivors |
| Auth et al (54), 2005 | Germany | ALF | 2 | Wilson disease (n=2) | ↓IL-6, TNF-α ↑VEGF |
| Sen et al (55), 2004 | UK | ACLF | 18 | Ethanol (n=15), ethanol + HCV (n=3) | =IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α |
| Luo et al (56), 2003 | China | MODS | 1 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome (n=1) | ↓IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α |
| Ambrosino et al (57), 2003 | Italy | ACLF | 17 | (n=17) | ↑IL-6 ↓TNF-α |
| Guo et al (58), 2003 | China | ALF or ACLF | 24 | HBV (n=17), ethanol (n=3), drug-induced (n=3), HEV (n=1) | ↓IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ |
Only English language, non-duplicated publications having cholestatic pruritus as the indication for MARS therapy were included.
Increased;
Decreased;
Unchanged; ACLF Acute-on-chronic liver failure; AIH Autoimmune hepatitis; ALF Acute liver failure; ALP Alkaline phosphatase; ALT Alanine transaminase; AST Aspartate transaminase; BRIC Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis; CCL Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand; GGT Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase; HBV Hepatitis B virus; HCV Hepatitis C virus; HEV Hepatitis E virus; HRS Hepatorenal syndrome; IL Interleukin; IFN Interferon; MARS Molecular adsorbent recirculating system; MCP Monocyte chemotactic protein; MODS Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; NASH Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; OLT Orthotopic liver transplantation; PDGFA Platelet-derived growth factor A; PBC Primary biliary cirrhosis; PFIC3 Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3; RANTES Regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted; SAX Strong anion exchange; TGF Transforming growth factor; TNF Tumour necrosis factor; TPO Thrombopoietin; UK United Kingdom; VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor