Table 5. Some vaccinia virus vectors used for oncolytic cancer therapy.

Cancer	Therapy Name (VACV Parental Strain)	Protein(s) Expressed	Comments	Reference(s)
Various such as melanoma, colorectal, liver, lung, renal, squamous cell, head and neck	Jennerex Biotherapeutics JX-594 (Dryvax, TK-)	GM-CSF and β-galactosidase	Antitumor and antivascular activities, Phase I and II trials ongoing/completed	54, 69–71
Various such as melanoma, breast, liver, colorectal	Jennerex vvDD-CDSR (Western Reserve, TK- and VGF-)	Cytosine deaminase (CD) and somatostatin receptor (SMR)	Highly selective and oncolytic for tumors with gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy using 5-fluorocytosine, SMR gene is used for molecular imaging, Phase I trials ongoing	54, 72, 73
Advanced solid tumors, head and neck, peritoneal	Genelux GL-ONC1 (Lister, F14.5L-, TK-, and A56R-)	Renilla luciferase-GFP fusion, β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase	Tumor specific replication and solid tumor size reduction in pre-clinical trials, Phase I and II trials ongoing	54, 74–76