Table 1.
Characteristics of the study sample by ethnic group
| |
Dutch n=1923 |
Turkish n=99 |
Moroccan n=187 |
Black-African n=67 |
Black-Caribbean n=121 |
sign |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) or % | ||||||
| Age (years) |
5.7 (0.5) |
5.9 (0.5)† |
6.1 (0.6)$ |
5.9 (0.6)† |
5.9 (0.5)† |
*** |
| Sex (% boys) |
51.2 |
45.2 |
56.2 |
52.2 |
48.8 |
|
| Birth weight (gr) |
3522 (539) |
3395 (469) |
3381 (557) |
3398 (596) |
3276 (604) |
*** |
| Height (cm) |
116.9 (5.7) |
116.7 (5.3) |
118.1 (6.4) |
119.3 (6.1)$ |
119.1 (5.9)† |
*** |
| Weight (kg) |
21.1 (2.9) |
22.5 (3.8)$ |
23.1 (4.3)† |
23.1 (4.8)† |
22.7 (4.1)† |
*** |
| BMI (kg/m2) |
15.4 (1.3) |
16.5 (2.0)$ |
16.5 (1.9)† |
16.1 (2.2)† |
15.9 (1.8)† |
*** |
| %Overweight/obese‡ |
6.6 |
27.3 |
26.2 |
20.9 |
16.5 |
*** |
| WHtR |
0.45 (0.03) |
0.47 (0.04)† |
0.46 (0.03)† |
0.45 (0.04) |
0.45 (0.03) |
*** |
| FMI (kg/m2) |
3.1 (1.1) |
4.0 (1.7)† |
4.2 (1.7)† |
3.8 (1.8)† |
3.7 (1.7)† |
*** |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) |
97 (9) |
100 (9) |
100 (9)$ |
99.0 (9.1) |
99.1 (8.9) |
*** |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) |
57 (8) |
60 (8)$ |
60 (8)† |
60.5 (7.3)† |
60.5 (7.5)† |
*** |
| Pre-hypertension % yes§ | 11.1 | 16.2 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 13.2 | * |
Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, WHtR waist-to-height-ratio, FMI fat mass index, BP blood pressure.
Significance level * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001.
†Significantly different compared with ethnic Dutch children.
‡According to Cole et al.22.
§According to the Fourth Report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents.2.