Table 1.

Microbial translocation and immunological outcomes in different populations of HIV-infected patients (from all the selected articles included in this review)

	LPS plasma values compared to healthy donors	Main immunological outcomes
Untreated HIV + patients	++++	Chronic CD4 + T cell death, potential risk of accelerated disease progression
HIV + elite controllers	+++	Unknown
HIV + successfully treated patients	+/=	Potential risk of for blunted CD4+ T cell gain. Only maximal virological suppression (< 2.5 cp/ml) allows normalisation of LPS values
HIV + on treatment, with persistent viral replication	++	Potential risk of blunted CD4+ T cell gain, to a higher extent than for patients with viral control

Elite controllers: viral load < 75 cp/ml without the effect of cART.

Successfully treated patients: viral load < 40 cp/ml on cART.

Patients with viral replication: viral load > 40 cp/ml, on cART.