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Effects of exercise and/or Epi on myocardial (A) Phosphoinositol kinase 3 (PI3K), p-PI3K and (B) PDK1, p-PDK1 levels from water (W), exercise (Ex), epicatechin (Epi) and epicatechin plus exercise (Epi-Ex) groups. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as a loading control. Mean ± SE relative to W group (100%) values. *p < 0.05 vs. water; **significantly different from Ex or Epi.
