The relationship between VEGF-A mRNA, VEGF-C mRNA, and lymphangiogenesis in primary vs recurrent pterygia. The relationships were significant between VEGF-A mRNA and lymph-vascular area, and VEGF-A mRNA and lymph-microvascular density, but the relationship between VEGF-A mRNA and lymph-vascular luminal diameter was not significant in patients with primary pterygia (a–c). There was also a significant relationship between VEGF-A mRNA and lymph-microvascular density in recurrent pterygia, but the relationships between VEGF-A mRNA and lymph-vascular area, and between VEGF-A mRNA and lymph-vascular luminal diameter, were not significant (g–i). The levels of VEGF-C mRNA correlated closely with all three parameters (lymph-vascular area, lymph-microvascular density, and lymph-vascular luminal diameter) in both primary pterygia (d–f) and recurrent pterygia (j–l). Although there was a significant relationship between VEGF-A mRNA and VEGF-C mRNA in primary pterygia (m) (r=0.67, P<0.01), the relationship between VEGF-A mRNA and VEGF-C mRNA was not significant in recurrent pterygia (n) ((r=0.17, P>0.05).