Figure 2.

GTP-binding activity is critical for transglutaminase 2-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. (A) Phase-contrast images of MCF-10A cells expressing the lentiviral vector alone (Vec) or vector containing wild-type (TG2-WT) or mutant transglutaminase 2 (TG2) constructs (TG2-C277S and TG2-R580A) were taken after 48 hours of culture in puromycin selection medium. Original magnification ×200. (B) Immunoblot analysis of control (Vec) and TG2-expressing MCF10A cells. Expression of epithelial cell markers (E-cadherin and β-catenin) and mesenchymal cell markers (N-cadherin, fibronectin and vimentin) was examined by immunoblotting. (C) Immunofluorescence due to expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers in MCF10A sublines. Cells were counterstained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (blue) for nuclear staining.