Figure 1. On-Off DSGCs reverse their PD following adaptive stimuli.

(A) Top: Protocol to test effect of adaptation on directional tuning. First, a DS test is performed to determine the cell’s PD. In this example, the DS test consists of wide asymmetric gratings in each of 12 different directions drifting for 3 s each, with the whole set being repeated 4 times. Second, the P-N adaptation protocol is performed: 40 s of gratings moving in the PD of the cell, followed by 40 s of gratings moving in the ND of the cell. Third, the DS test was repeated to determine the new directional preference of the cell. Fourth, after a waiting period, an additional DS test was performed.

Bottom: Responses during DS tests of a DRD4-GFP+ On-Off DSGC before the P-N protocol (left), immediately after it (middle), and after a 23 minute waiting period (right). Black tuning curve shows the mean response (spike count during 3 s of gratings), while gray curves show the responses for each repetition; red arrow indicates the vector sum of the responses. Traces show the response data for the first 1 s of grating stimuli.

Pst, posterior direction in visual coordinates; sp, total number of spikes in response to 3 s of stimulation.

(B) Top: P-N adaptation protocol as in part A. In this example, DS tests were performed using symmetric gratings.

Bottom: Responses during DS tests of a non-GFP+ On-Off DSGC before the P-N protocol (left), immediately after it (middle), and after a 10 minute waiting period (right). Conventions as above. Inf, inferior direction in visual coordinates.

Properties of grating stimuli are described in Figure S1.