TABLE 1.
Changes in Parental Distress, Family Functioning, and Global Functioning at Intake and Postintervention: Families OverComing Under Stress, United States and Japan, July 2008–February 2010
| Non–Active Duty, Mean (SD) |
Normative Data, Mean (SD) |
Active Duty, Mean (SD) |
||||||
| Intake | Post | Female | Male | Intake | Post | Time Effect (95% CI) | Group Effect (95% CI) | |
| BSI global severity index | 0.56 (0.56) | 0.29 (0.33) | 0.35 (0.37) | 0.25 (0.24) | 0.47 (0.53) | 0.21 (0.38) | 0.27*** (0.21, 0.33) | 0.09a (0.01, 0.18) |
| BSI anxiety | 0.65 (0.67) | 0.37 (0.43) | 0.44 (0.54) | 0.26 (0.31) | 0.52 (0.59) | 0.28 (0.41) | 0.27*** (0.20, 0.35) | 0.10a (0.01, 0.21) |
| BSI depression | 0.69 (0.73) | 0.32 (0.47) | 0.36 (0.56) | 0.21 (0.33) | 0.60 (0.68) | 0.18 (0.32) | 0.38*** (0.30, 0.47) | 0.13** (0.03, 0.23) |
| Family Assessment Device, general functioningb | 1.89 (0.54) | 1.73 (0.43) | 1.84 (0.43) | 1.84 (0.43) | 2.00 (0.49) | 1.82 (0.46) | 0.68*** (0.13, 0.20) | 0.09* (0.01, 0.18) |
| Global Assessment of Functioning | 72.54 (10.78) | 78.13 (9.53) | … | … | 74.46 (11.54) | 79.46 (9.43) | −5.40*** (−6.05, −4.75) | 1.43a (0.36, 3.21) |
Note. BSI = brief symptom inventory; CI = confidence interval. Family and global functioning increase and distress declines over time. BSI was analyzed with gender as covariate.
a
Not significant.
b
A Family Assessment Device score ≥ 2 refers to unhealthy functioning.
*P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.