Table 2.
The effect of early pregnancy malaria parasitaemia on subsequent intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
|
Early pregnancy malaria parasitaemia |
No early pregnancy malaria parasitaemia |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR | (95% CI) | RR | (95% CI) | |
| IUGR | ||||
| Unadjusted |
1.8 |
(1.1, 2.9) |
1.0 |
Ref. |
| Adjustedab | ||||
| Primigravidae |
3.6 |
(2.1, 6.2) |
1.1 |
(0.6, 1.9) |
| Multigravidae |
1.4 |
(0.8, 2.5) |
1.0 |
Ref. |
| Repeat IUGR | ||||
| Unadjusted |
2.2 |
(1.1, 4.2) |
1.0 |
Ref. |
| Adjustedcd | ||||
| Primigravidae |
5.6 |
(2.8, 11.3) |
1.2 |
(0.5, 3.0) |
| Multigravidae | 1.4 | (0.6, 3.6) | 1.0 | Ref. |
GEE, generalized estimating equation; IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction; RR, risk ratios; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference.
a. Adjusted for foetal sex and low baseline MUAC.
b. Interaction term (early pregnancy malaria parasitaemia*primigravidae) p = 0.035.
c. Adjusted for foetal sex and low baseline MUAC.
d. Interaction term (early pregnancy malaria parasitaemia*primigravidae) p = 0.06.
GEE log-binomial model estimated unadjusted and adjusted risk ratios (RR) for the effect of early pregnancy malaria parasitaemia on subsequent IUGR episodes and repeat IUGR episodes (n = 544). Adjusted models stratified by gravidity. Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, 2005–2006.