Table 3.
Results of all outcomes (individual studies and overall effect)
| Response | Remission | Depressive symptoms | Quality of life3 | Dropout | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
BR (95% CI) |
BR (95% CI) |
short term1 |
long term2 |
SMD (95% CI) |
OR (95% CI) |
| |
|
|
SMD (95% CI) |
|
|
|
| Browne 2002 |
0.97 (0.81,1.16) |
0.94 (0.71,1.25) |
−0.07 (−0.27,0.13) |
0.04 (−0.16,0.24) |
0.03 (−0.17,0.23) |
0.98 (0.59,1.64) |
| deMello 2001 |
1.37 (0.98,1.91) |
1.45 (0.81,2.59) |
0.48 (−0.34,1.30) |
0.50 (−0.38,1.38) |
0.65 (−0.17,1.47) |
0.44 (0.11,1.70) |
| Keller 2000 |
1.56 (1.33,1.84) |
2.07 (1.46,2.95) |
0.54 (0.19,0.89) |
not reported |
0.29 (0.11,0.47) |
0.76 (0.49,1.17) |
| Kocsis (CBASP) 2009 |
1.07 (0.67,1.70) |
1.11 (0.67,1.84) |
0.12 (−0.23,0.47) |
not reported |
0.22 (−0.13,0.57) |
0.71 (0.30,1.70) |
| Kocsis (BSP) 2009 |
0.85 (0.53,1.38) |
0.91 (0.54,1.54) |
−0.06 (−0.41,0.29) |
not reported |
0.07 (−0.28,0.42) |
0.80 (0.34,1.90) |
| Markowitz 2005 |
0.98 (0.59,1.62) |
1.26 (0.67,2.35) |
−0.27 (−0.86,0.32) |
not reported |
0.22 (−0.37,0.81) |
0.89 (0.21,3.88) |
| Miller 1999 |
11.27 (0.70,181.41) |
1.29 (0.47,3.51) |
4.15 (2.78,5.52) |
0.10 (−0.66,0.86) |
1.15 (0.33,1.97) |
1.36 (0.19,9.91) |
| Ravindran 1999 |
1.25 (0.78,1.99) |
1.06 (0.57,1.95) |
0.05 (−0.54,0.64) |
not reported |
0.15 (−0.54,0.84) |
not estimable |
| Schramm 2008 |
1.86 (1.02,3.40) |
1.75 (0.80,3.84) |
0.53 (−0.06,1.12) |
0.63 (−0.06,1.32) |
not reported |
3.17 (0.56,17.78) |
| total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| overall effect * |
1.20 (0.98,1.48) |
1.25 (0.97,1.61) |
0.13 (−0.08,0.34) |
0.25 (−0.15,0.66) |
0.18 (0.07,0.29) |
0.84 (0.64,1.11) |
| p for overall effect * |
0.080 |
0.080 |
0.220 |
0.220 |
0.002 |
0.210 |
| I² * |
67% |
52% |
50% |
42% |
0% |
0% |
| p for heterogeneity * | 0.004 | 0.040 | 0.050 | 0.180 | 0.490 | 0.690 |
1 = symptoms at end of intervention; 2 = symptoms at follow-up (follow-up ranged from 8 to 18 months after the end of intervention); 3 = in the case of three studies data are based on the Social Adjustment Scale; CI = confidence interval; SMD = standardized mean difference; BR = benefit ratio; OR = odds ratio; CBASP = Cognitive Behavioural Analysis System of Psychotherapy; BSP = Brief Supportive Psychotherapy; p = level of significance; I² = measure of heterogeneity; * results after removal of the study by Miller 1999.