Figure 1.

Floral detail of irises and orchids pollinated (a,c,e) by sheltering mimicry and (b,d,f) by sexual deception. (a) Ophrys helenae with sleeping males of Eucera vulpes (Hym. Apidae); (b) Ophrys mammosa, a sister species of O. helenae; (c) Serapias cordigera; (d) Ceratina cucurbitina male (Hym. Apidae) attempting copulation on the floral callus of Serapias lingua (the tunnel-like flower was opened artificially); (e) Iris atropurpurea; (f) Iris paradoxa. All photographs courtesy of N. J. Vereecken except (f) by M. Streinzer.