Fig 4.
Treatment effect using Galleria mellonella. Groups of larvae (10/group) were inoculated with 10 μl of a bacterial suspension containing 1.5 × 106 CFU/ml of DAPr strain CB1634 (A) or DAPr strain CB5012 (B) into the last left proleg and incubated for 2 h at 37°C. After this, 10 μl of NAF at 5 mg/kg (NAF5), DAP at 10 mg/kg (DAP10), or DAP-NAF at 10 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg, respectively, was administered (time zero) into the right hind-most proleg and the larvae were reincubated for 24 h at 37°C. An uninfected control group received PBS treatment to control for multiple injections. The treatment was repeated after the first 24 h of incubation. Worms were checked daily, and any deaths were recorded for a total of 14 days. A minimum of three independent experimental runs was performed for each DAP–β-lactam combination. The survival data were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method.