Figure 1.

Migratory connectivity of purple martin breeding populations tracked with geolocators to South America; range shown with grey shading. The site with the longest winter residency (124 ± 5.4 days, n = 95) is shown for each individual (triangles are males, circles are females) from (a) British Columbia (n = 6), (b) Minnesota (white, n = 5) and South Dakota (black, n = 9), (c) Pennsylvania (n = 34), (d) New Jersey (n = 11), (e) Oklahoma (white, n = 3) and Texas (black, n = 8), and (f) Virginia (n = 19). British Columbia birds are Progne subis arboricola and all other populations are P. s. subis. Error bars for roost location in (b) shows typical standard deviation in latitude and longitude for estimated winter locations. Map of North America shows the breeding range in grey and stars indicate the location of geolocator deployments.