Fig 1.

Toxicity of tamavidins. (A to C) Effect of feeding E. coli expressing tamavidin 1 and tamavidin 2 to C. elegans (A) and to Acanthamoeba sp. (B) and E. coli expressing purified tamavidin 2 to D. melanogaster (C) without (white bars) and with (gray bars) the addition of exogenous biotin. Asterisks show cases where all data were 0. E. coli containing empty vector (VC) was used as a control in panels A and B, and BSA was used as a control in panel C. Values are means ± standard errors of the means (error bars). L4, larval stage 4.