Fig 5.

Cytotoxic effect of C. jejuni 11168H outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) on Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. Live C. jejuni 11168H (MOI, 100:1), heat-killed C. jejuni 11168H (MOI, 100:1), untreated 11168H OMVs (100 μg), or 11168H OMVs (100 μg) pretreated with either proteinase K (PK) or polymyxin B were coincubated with Caco-2 cells for 24 h. The cytotoxic effect on the Caco-2 cells was measured by quantifying the release of cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as a measure of cell damage. Nonchallenged Caco-2 cells represented 0% cytotoxicity (Uninfected), and total lysis of Caco-2 cells following treatment with 1% (vol/vol) Triton X-100 represented 100% cytotoxicity (Positive control). *, P < 0.05; ns, no significant difference in cytotoxicity compared to live 11168H cells.