Table 3.
Comparison of left ventricular rotation, twist, and untwisting at rest and at peak isometric handgrip testing
| Baseline | Peak-IHGT | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Systolic parameter | |||
| Peak apical rotation (deg) | 11.9 ± 3.0 | 8.6 ± 2.2 | <0.001 |
| Time to peak apical rotation (% SEP) | 98.4 ± 2.7 | 93.8 ± 6.3 | 0.007 |
| Peak basal rotation (deg) | −5.3 ± 2.3 | −4.5 ± 2.6 | 0.19 |
| Peak LVT (deg) | 16.6 ± 2.8 | 12.5 ± 2.8 | <0.001 |
| Time to peak LVT (% SEP) | 97.4 ± 2.7 | 93.9 ± 6.2 | 0.03 |
| Diastolic parameter | |||
| Peak apical UTR (deg s−) | −85.8 ± 30.0 | −81.9 ± 37.7 | 0.71 |
| Peak basal UTR (deg s−) | 47.5 ± 25.2 | 55 ± 27.1 | 0.36 |
| Time difference between peak apical and basal UTR (ms) | −37.6 ± 41.9 | 25.9 ± 28.9 | <0.001 |
| Peak UTR (deg s−) | −114.5 ± 26.4 | −110.6 ± 39.8 | 0.71 |
IHGT: isometric handgrip test; LVT: left ventricular twist; SEP: systolic ejection period; UTR: untwisting rate.