Skip to main content
. 2012 Dec;86(23):12954–12970. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02242-12

Fig 1.

Fig 1

RVFV does not enter cells via macropinocytosis. Average levels of infection detected by GFP fluorescence (± standard deviations), compared to those for untreated or DMSO-treated controls, are shown. (A and B) HeLa (A) or HepG2 (B) cells were either left untreated (NI) or pretreated with 50 μM DMSO, 20 μM PAK18, 20 μM PAK-NC, 10 μM IPA-3, 100 μM Rac-I, 50 μM Ly294002, or 0.5 μM HWT for 1 h. (C and D) HeLa (C) or HepG2 (D) cells were either left untreated or pretreated with 10, 25, or 50 μM 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride (EIPA) for 1 h. The inhibitors were also present during the 3 h of incubation with RVFV-MP-12-GFP, VacV-GFP, or VSV-GFP at an MOI of 1. (E and F) HeLa (E) or HepG2 (F) cells were either left untreated or pretreated (pre) with 10, 25, or 50 μM EIPA for 1 h. The inhibitors were also present during the 3 h of incubation with RVFV-MP-12-GFP at an MOI of 1 at 37°C. Alternatively, HeLa (E) or HepG2 (F) cells were incubated for 1 h with RVFV-MP-12-GFP at an MOI of 1; then cells were washed to remove unbound virus and were subsequently incubated with 10, 25, or 50 μM EIPA (post) for 4 h. (G and H) HeLa cells (G) or HepG2 cells (H) were pretreated with either DMSO, 1 μM CD, 2 μM LA, or 1 μM JP for 1 h. The inhibitors were also present during the 3 h of incubation with RVFV-MP-12-GFP, VacV-GFP, or VSV-GFP at an MOI of 1. GFP expression was normalized to cell titers measured by alamarBlue fluorescence. The percentage of infection was determined by taking untreated or DMSO-treated and infected samples as 100% infected. Shown are the means for three independent experiments performed in triplicate (**, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05).