Table 1.

Differences between leaders and nonleaders (means and SDs) in key demographic variables, mood, health practices, health conditions, and sleep behavior in study 1

	Leaders (n = 148)	Nonleaders (n = 65)	P
Age	46.68 (7.71)	44.95 (11.2)	0.20
Sex (male)	66.9%	53.9%	0.07
Ethnicity (white)	69.3%	69.9%	0.93
Education	4.45 (0.94)	3.63 (1.38)	<0.001
Income	5.06 (1.59)	3.03 (1.72)	<0.001
State negative affect	2.18 (0.45)	2.24 (0.49)	0.38
State positive affect	1.67 (0.49)	1.70 (0.52)	0.63
Exercise regularly	81.6%	75.4%	0.30
Use tobacco	10.9%	16.9%	0.23
Consume caffeine	95.9%	86.2%	0.01
Asthma	3.3%	2.7%	0.83
Diabetes	2.0%	2.7%	0.72
Heart condition	4.0%	0.0%	0.09
Neurological disorder	1.4%	0.7%	0.60
Median awakening time	6:00 AM	7:30 AM	<0.001
Hours slept	6.84 (1.12)	7.46 (0.99)	<0.001

Sample sizes refer to those participants who consented to hormone testing and provided a saliva sample of sufficient quantity for testing.