Table A3.
Means and SD of control predictors in the five conditions summarized in Table 1.
| Phonological overlap | Subject-verb | Subject-verb-theme | Verb-theme | None | Subject-theme | ANOVAs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure | N = 575 | N = 175 | N = 352 | N = 959 | N = 369 | F(3, 198) |
| HEAD OF SUBJECT EXPRESSION | ||||||
| (Log) frequency of 1st syllable, 1st position | 1.92 (0.29) | 1.92 (0.29) | 2.47 (0.36) | 2.47 (0.36) | 2.48 (0.36) | 207.1*** |
| (Log) frequency of 1st syllable, any position | 2.35 (0.11) | 2.35 (0.12) | 2.64 (0.32) | 2.66 (0.33) | 2.65 (0.32) | 283.5*** |
| (Log) frequency of word form | 3.40 (0.16) | 3.39 (0.16) | 3.64 (0.14) | 3.63 (0.14) | 3.64 (0.13) | 130.8*** |
| (Log) neighborhood density | 0.93 (0.37) | 0.96 (0.36) | 0.85 (0.46) | 0.89 (0.45) | 0.85 (0.46) | 3.5* |
| VERB | ||||||
| (Log) frequency of 1st syllable, 1st position | 5.95 (0.35) | 5.93 (0.36) | 5.92 (0.38) | 5.94 (0.36) | 5.95 (0.34) | 0.2 |
| (Log) frequency of 1st syllable, any position | 5.98 (0.36) | 5.96 (0.37) | 5.95 (0.40) | 5.98 (0.38) | 5.98 (0.36) | 0.2 |
| (Log) frequency of word form | 10.54 (0.99) | 10.60 (0.92) | 10.55 (0.94) | 10.50 (1.01) | 10.57 (0.98) | 0.4 |
| (Log) neighborhood density | 2.54 (0.33) | 2.56 (0.33) | 2.55 (0.34) | 2.54 (0.33) | 2.54 (0.33) | 0.1 |
| Lexical repetition of most recent target verb | 0.82 (0.38) | 0.83 (0.38) | 0.76 (0.43) | 0.76 (0.43) | 0.76 (0.43) | 2.1 |
| HEAD OF THEME EXPRESSION | ||||||
| (Log) frequency of 1st syllable, 1st position | 1.70 (0.72) | 1.96 (0.63) | 2.01 (0.62) | 1.68 (0.82) | 1.82 (0.61) | 14.5*** |
| (Log) frequency of 1st syllable, any position | 3.71 (1.60) | 4.01 (1.71) | 4.16 (1.67) | 3.62 (1.82) | 3.99 (1.38) | 45.2*** |
| (Log) frequency of word form | 3.73 (0.59) | 3.64 (0.44) | 4.16 (1.67) | 3.62 (1.83) | 3.79 (0.52) | 4.8** |
| (Log) neighborhood density | 0.89 (0.52) | 0.96 (0.46) | 0.94 (0.49) | 0.76 (0.55) | 1.04 (0.45) | 24.7*** |
| HEAD OF RECIPIENT EXPRESSION | ||||||
| (Log) frequency of 1st syllable, 1st position | 2.31 (0.18) | 2.34 (0.17) | 2.34 (0.19) | 2.32 (0.18) | 2.32 (0.17) | 2.0 |
| (Log) frequency of 1st syllable, any position | 2.33 (0.18) | 2.36 (0.17) | 2.36 (0.18) | 2.34 (0.17) | 2.34 (0.17) | 2.6+ |
| (Log) frequency of word form | 5.02 (0.21) | 5.00 (0.19) | 5.00 (0.19) | 5.01 (0.21) | 5.02 (0.20) | 0.8 |
| (Log) neighborhood density | 0.95 (0.51) | 1.05 (0.51) | 1.04 (0.51) | 1.00 (0.51) | 0.98 (0.51) | 5.1** |
| SENTENCE-WIDE PROPERTIES | ||||||
| (Log) joint frequency of subject and verb | 0.62 (0.20) | 0.62 (0.18) | 0.79 (0.44) | 0.79 (0.44) | 0.83 (0.44) | 9.5*** |
| (Log) joint frequency of verb and theme | 0.99 (0.51) | 0.85 (0.38) | 0.89 (0.37) | 0.94 (0.53) | 1.00 (0.48) | 6.4*** |
| (z-Score) plausibility rating | 0.11 (0.96) | −0.48 (1.07) | −0.47 (1.14) | 0.23 (0.90) | −0.05 (0.84) | 57.7*** |
| Syntactic repetition of most recent target structure | 0.80 (0.40) | 0.84 (0.37) | 0.80 (0.40) | 0.82 (0.39) | 0.84 (0.36) | 0.7 |
Note that the subject-theme overlap condition was excluded from the main analysis as described in the Section “Overview of Analyses.” The last column gives the p-value based on an ANOVA over only the four conditions included in the main analyses (see text for details). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.