FIGURE 1.

Multivariable-adjusted associations of plasma phospholipid FA patterns with risk of CVD in the Cardiovascular Health Study (n = 2972). During the 32,265 person-years, 780 CVD events occurred (incident rate = 2417/100,000). Each panel shows results from 2 separate Cox proportional hazard models by using the restrictive cubic spline (solid line) or using quintile categories (◆); dotted lines and error bars represent 95% CIs. P values for linear associations are presented. None of the patterns showed significant nonlinear associations (P-nonlinearity > 0.05). Cox proportional hazard model was adjusted for sex, race (white or nonwhite), education (<high school, high school graduate, college graduate, or >college), smoking status (never, former, or current), exercise intensity (no exercise, low, moderate, or high), leisure-time physical activity (kcal/wk), 3-y weight change (kg), prevalent diabetes (yes or no), treated hypertension (yes or no), alcohol intake (tertile categories), total energy intake (kcal/d), and food consumptions (fish, high-fat dairy products, margarine, sweets, nuts, fried products, meats, and processed meats; servings/wk each). The 3 patterns were also mutually adjusted. Estimates were corrected for regression dilution bias and consequently strengthened from the estimates (see the main text) without the bias correction. CVD, cardiovascular disease; FA, fatty acid; LCMUFA, long-chain MUFA.