TABLE 4.
BCMO1-weighted gene score associations with plasma carotenoid concentration stratified by quintile of dietary intake of the nutrient of interest among women with genome-wide scans (n = 465–468 per quintile)1
| Diet quintile 1 |
Diet quintile 2 |
Diet quintile 3 |
Diet quintile 4 |
Diet quintile 5 |
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| Biomarker | β (SE)2 | P value | β (SE)2 | P value | β (SE)2 | P value | β (SE)2 | P value | β (SE)2 | P value | P-interaction3 |
| β-Carotene4 | 1.275 (0.193) | 1.2 × 10−10 | 0.9422 (0.186) | 6.2 × 10−7 | 0.9096 (0.208) | 1.5 × 10−5 | 0.8386 (0.212) | 8.7 × 10−5 | 1.283 (0.219) | 8.8 × 10−9 | 0.77 |
| α-Carotene5 | 1.617 (0.316) | 4.7 × 10−7 | 0.7327 (0.299) | 0.01 | 0.8791 (0.316) | 5.7 × 10−3 | 0.1871 (0.324) | 0.56 | 0.9488 (0.360) | 8.7 × 10−3 | 0.26 |
| β-Cryptoxanthin6 | 1.327 (0.510) | 9.6 × 10−3 | 1.115 (0.477) | 0.02 | 0.8857 (0.443) | 0.05 | 0.0724 (0.451) | 0.87 | 1.324 (0.446) | 3.2 × 10−3 | 0.62 |
| Lutein/zeaxanthin7 | 0.6766 (0.156) | 1.7 × 10−5 | 1.287 (0.161) | 7.4 × 10−14 | 0.9160 (0.166) | 5.9 × 10−8 | 1.106 (0.166) | 8.9 × 10−11 | 1.188 (0.177) | 6.1 × 10−11 | 0.04 |
PMH, postmenopausal hormone.
β-Coefficient and SE from multivariate linear regression of each natural log–transformed plasma biomarker concentration (μg/L) on corresponding continuous weighted gene score adjusted for age, case-control status, cholesterol (mg/dL, or missing indicator), BMI (kg/m2), smoking (never/former, current <15 cigarettes/d, or current ≥15 cigarettes/d), menopausal status and PMH use (premenopausal; postmenopausal, no PMH; postmenopausal, PMH; or unknown), alcohol intake (g/d), total fat intake (g/d), and dietary intake of the outcome of interest (μg/d for carotenoids or IU/d for retinol). β-Carotene, α-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin were also adjusted for dietary retinol intake (IU/d).
value for gene score × diet interaction cross-product term included in the multivariate linear regression models described above by using diet quintile medians for the cross-product and diet main effect.
Weighted gene score = (0.1637 × rs4889286 T) + (0.1274 × rs12934922 T).
Weighted gene score = (0.06530 × rs4889286 T) + (0.1075 × rs4889293 G).
Weighted gene score = (0.07709 × rs12918164 A) + (0.04916 × rs4889293 G).
Weighted gene score = (0.1636 × rs56389940 A) + (0.06580 × rs10048138 A).