TABLE 5.
Rates of hospitalizations, unscheduled clinic visits, and symptoms of common infectious illnesses among 429 HIV-exposed Tanzanian children randomly assigned to receive daily multivitamins or placebo whose mothers received antiretrovirals during pregnancy
| Morbidity | Multivitamin | Placebo | RR (95% CI) | P value1 |
| 2 | 2 | |||
| Hospitalizations | 0.30 (13/4295) | 0.69 (28/4057) | 0.48 (0.24, 0.95) | 0.035 |
| Unscheduled outpatient visits | 3.31 (142/4295) | 3.18 (129/4057) | 1.05 (0.80, 1.38) | 0.72 |
| Diarrhea | 3.42 (147/4295) | 3.45 (140/4057) | 0.99 (0.77, 1.28) | 0.94 |
| Cold | 24.96 (1069/4295) | 26.96 (1090/4057) | 0.92 (0.83, 1.02) | 0.12 |
| Cough | 33.08 (1417/4295) | 33.12 (1339/4057) | 0.98 (0.89, 1.09) | 0.71 |
| Difficulty breathing | 0.93 (40/4295) | 0.96 (39/4057) | 0.95 (0.59, 1.55) | 0.85 |
| Fever | 10.11 (433/4295) | 12.27 (496/4057) | 0.79 (0.67, 0.93) | 0.005 |
| Refusal to eat, drink, or breastfeed | 2.47 (106/4295) | 2.70 (109/4057) | 0.93 (0.69, 1.25) | 0.61 |
| Pus draining from ears | 0.63 (27/4295) | 0.74 (30/4057) | 0.78 (0.40, 1.53) | 0.47 |
| Vomiting | 1.21 (52/4295) | 1.34 (54/4057) | 0.91 (0.60, 1.39) | 0.66 |
| Cough and fever | 5.98 (256/4295) | 7.35 (297/4057) | 0.79 (0.65, 0.96) | 0.019 |
| Cough plus3 | 1.84 (79/4295) | 2.33 (94/4057) | 0.78 (0.57, 1.08) | 0.13 |
1
Obtained from generalized estimating equations with the binomial distribution, log link, and exchangeable correlation structure. The analyses were adjusted for the age of the child (<6, 6–18, and >18 mo).
2
Total number of events occurring during follow-up, defined as being reported in the 28 d (4 wk) before the visit.
3
Defined as cough with one or more of the following events: difficulty breathing, chest retractions, and refusal to eat, drink, or breastfeed.