FIGURE 1.

A, Preoperative axial T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image showing an old right hemispheric infarct with cortical encephalomalacia and Wallerian degeneration in the right thalamus. B, Intraoperative photograph showing externalized leads. Test stimulation was performed on the first postoperative day. C, Microelectrode recordings from the ventralis caudalis of the thalamus (VC) (10-second strip) demonstrating spike activity to light touch (arrows) even though the patient had no conscious perception. D-F, Stereotactic planning for deep brain stimulation of the VC (D), nucleus accumbens (NAC) (E), and periventricular gray region (PVG) (F). The PVG and VC were targeted using the human brain atlas of Schaltenbrand and Wahren,¹² and the NAC was targeted using stereotactic coordinates described by Schlaepfer et al.¹³ Targets are indicated by red dots. R = right.