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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2012 Nov 1;491(7422):56–65. doi: 10.1038/nature11632

Table 2.

Per individual variant load at conserved sites

Variant type Number of derived variant
sites per individual
Excess rare
deleterious
Excess low-
frequency
deleterious
Derived allele frequency across sample
<0.5% 0.5%-5% >l5%
All sites 30K-150K 120K-
680K
3.6M-
3.9M
- -
Synonymous a 29-120 82-420 1.3K-1.4K - -
Nonsynonymous a 130-400 240-910 2.3K-2.7K 76-190b 77-130b
Stop-gain a 3.9-10 5.3-19 24-28 3.4-7.5b 3.8-11b
Stop-loss 1.0-1.2 1.0-1.9 2.1-2.8 0.81-1.1b 0.80-1.0b
HGMD-DM a 2.5-5.1 4.8-17 11-18 1.6-4.7b 3.8-12b
COSMIC a 1.3-2.0 1.8-5.1 5.2-10 0.93-1.6b 1.3-2.0b
Indel-frameshift 1.0-1.3 11-24 60-66 -d 3.2-11b
Indel-non-frameshift 2.1-2.3 9.5-24 67-71 -d 0-0.73b
Splice site donor 1.7-3.6 2.4-7.2 2.6-5.2 1.6-3.3b 3.1-6.2b
Splice site acceptor 1.5-2.9 1.5-4.0 2.1-4.6 1.4-2.6b 1.2-3.3b
UTR a 120-430 300-1.4K 3.5K-4.0K 0-350c 0-1.2Kc
Non-coding RNA a 3.9-17 14-70 180 -200 0.62-2.6c 3.4-13c
Motif gain in TF
peak a
4.7-14 23-59 170-180 0-2.6c 3.8-15c
Motif loss in TF
peak a
18-69 71-300 580-650 7.7-22c 37-110c
Other conserved a 2.0K-9.9K 7.1K-39K 120K-130K -
Total conserved 2.3K-11K 7.7K-42K 130K-150K 150-510 250-1.3K

Only sites where ancestral state can be assigned with high confidence reported.

Ranges reported are across populations.

a

Sites with GERP>2

b

Using Synonymous sites as base-line

c

Using ‘Other conserved’ as base-line

d

Rare indels were filtered in Phase 1