Figure 1. E₂17G activates the MAPK signalling pathway.

(A) left panel: representative Western blottings of phospho (p)-p38, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK1/2 and total forms of all these MAPK types were obtained from whole cellular lysates of primary-cultured rat hepatocytes incubated with E₂17G (200 µM) for 10 to 60 min, or with E₂17G (200 µM) for 20 min in cells pretreated with the PI3K inhibitor wortmanin (WM, 100 nM) or with the cPKC inhibitor Gö6976 (Gö, 1 µM) for 15 min. A (right panel), and B and C panels show phosphorylation status of all MAPK types evaluated (calculated as the p-MAPK to total MAPK ratio for each experimental condition). An arbitrary value of 100 was assigned to the band of highest densitometric intensity in every Western blot before the ratio was calculated. The results are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 5). *P<0.05 vs. control (cells treated only with DMSO), and ^#P<0.05 vs. E₂17G (20 min).