Expression of HvHMA1 has a toxic effect on yeast growth compared to empty vector control (control), which was reversed when the pump is non-functional (Hvhma1). A) the Zn and Co sensitive yeast strain zrc1cot1, on 150 µM Zn, B) the Cu sensitive yeast strain ccc2 on 1 mM Cu. C) the Cd sensitive yeast strain ycf1 on 20 µM Cd, D) the Zn and Co sensitive yeast strain zrc1cot1, on 250 µM Co, E) the Fe sensitive strain ccc2 on 2.6 mM Fe, F) Ca dependent yeast strain K616 on 10 mM Ca and G) the Mn sensitive pmr1 yeast strain on 0.16 mM Mn. A), B), and C) When the N-terminus has been removed Hvhma1Δ97 or when the Hvhma1Nt was introduced yeast growth was comparable to control. Expression of Hvhma1Δ50 showed an intermediate growth of the yeast, between control and HvHMA1.