The most common indications for intraocular anti-VEGF injections include exudative age-related macular degeneration, background and proliferative diabetic retinopathy, branch and central (shown in diagram) retinal vein occlusions, and retinopathy of prematurity. Intraocular anti-VEGF drugs generally work through 2 mechanisms: decreasing vascular permeability, thereby allowing the absorption of edema, and decreasing neovascularization, thereby preventing hemorrhages and tissue distortion by fibrous proliferation. RPE = retinal pigment epithelium; VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor.