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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: BJU Int. 2012 Sep 3;110(11 0 0):E871–E877. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11382.x

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Stone breakage for circular coupling defects of increasing size, positioned on-axis. Vertical scale shows percent breakage normalized to that measured when the coupling interface was entirely free of defects. A defect covering as little as 8% of the coupling window caused a significant reduction in stone breakage. Number of stones broken for each group was 12, except for 5.0 cm disk data, which had only 6 stones. P-values are from Tukey test and show comparison with breakage measured without defect present (data not shown).