Table 1.

Link between metabolism and Epigenetics through metabolic co-factors.

Metabolic co-factors	Enzymes that use the co-factor	Epigenetic function
S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)	DNA methyltransferase (DNMTs)	DNA methylation
	Histone methyltransferases (HMTs)	Methylation of histone or non-histone proteins
Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA)	Histone acetyltransferases (HATs)	Acetylation of histone or non-histone proteins
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)	Sirtuins	Deacetylation of histone or non-histone proteins
Flavin adenine dinucelotide (FAD)	Lysine specific demthylase 1 (LSD1)	Demethylation of histone or non-histone proteins
α-Ketoglutarate (α-KG)	Ten-eleven translocation (TETs)	DNA demethylation
	JmiC histone demethylase (JHDMs)	Demehtylation of Histone or non-histone proteins