Table 1.

Frequencies of lifetime DSM-III-R depression symptoms, major depression episode (MDE), major depression disorder (MDD), substance dependence, and early conduct disorders; and heavy substance use and early substance use variables in boys (n=98) and girls (n=104) in an American Indian adolescent community sample.

Variable	Boys n (%)	Girls n (%)	Fisher p-value*
Depressed Mood	31 (32)	66 (63)	<0.001
Anhedonia	22 (22)	58 (56)	<0.001
Weight Change	16 (16)	32 (31)	0.020
Sleep Change	24 (24)	52 (50)	<0.001
Psychomotor	20 (20)	48 (46)	<0.001
Loss of Energy	16 (16)	46 (44)	<0.001
Worthless/Guilty	15 (15)	43 (41)	<0.001
Poor Concentration	22 (22)	50 (48)	<0.001
Suicide	7 (7)	43 (41)	<0.001
Major Depression Episode (MDE)	15 (15)	43 (41)	<0.001
Major Depression Disorder (MDD)	13 (13)	40 (38)	<0.001
Cannabis Dependence	16 (16)	25 (24)	0.221
Alcohol Dependence	14 (14)	17 (16)	0.701
Stimulant Dependence	1 (1)	6 (6)	0.120
Heavy Substance Use	23 (23)	24 (23)	0.540
Early Substance Use	32 (33)	32 (31)	0.446
Early Conduct Disorder (before age 13 years)	19 (19)	14 (13)	0.172

Major Depression Episode (MDE) was defined as having ≥5 DSM-III-R major depression symptoms for ≥2 weeks (Criterion A of DSM-III-R Major Depression Episode) irrespective of the presumed etiology of the depression episode. Major Depression Disorder (MDD) was defined as having an MDE not related to substance intoxication or withdrawal. Heavy Substance Use was defined as using cannabis, alcohol, and/or a stimulant every day or nearly every day for ≥2 weeks. Early Substance Use was defined as first use of cannabis or a stimulant or having been first intoxicated with alcohol prior to age 13 years. Early Conduct Disorder was defined as meeting DSM-III-R criteria for Conduct Disorder prior to age 13 years.

^*Frequencies of each variable in boys and girls were compared using 2X2 contingency tables. Fisher two-tailed p-values were calculated for each comparison. Alpha was set at 0.05, and p-values < 0.05 were considered significant.