Table II.

Renal toxicity markers by trichloroethylene exposure status

Parameter	Unexposed(n = 45)a			Exposed(n = 80)a			P for exposed versus unexposedb
Urinary markers	AM	GM	GSD	AM	GM	GSD
Creatinine [mmol L−1]	11.6	10.3	1.72	13.7	11.6	1.86	0.27
VEGF [ng l−1]c	302.7	210.6	2.15	257.0	210.4	1.91	0.99
AlphaGST [µg l−1]	8.1	6.1	2.20	8.3	6.1	2.35	0.98
PiGST [µg l−1]	26.5	18.2	2.78	31.2	23.9	2.15	0.09
KIM-1 [ng l−1]	211.7	162.7	2.19	311.2	254.1	1.87	0.01
NAG [units l−1]	2.5	1.8	2.49	2.6	1.8	3.06	0.94

^aAM, arithmetic mean; GM, Geometric mean; GSD, Geometric standard deviation

^b t-Test of difference in mean between ln(urinary marker) between unexposed and exposed individuals.

^cSamples of one control and three exposed subjects were not analysed for VEGF.