Table 4.
Age-specific, Mantel-Haenszel Pooled and Crude Risk Ratios for Diarrhea and Bootstrap 95% Confidence Intervals in Northwestern Ecuador, 2003–2008
| Infection Category | <1 Yeara–d |
1–4 Yearsa–d |
5–12 Yearsa–d |
≥13 Yearsa–d |
Mantel-Haenszel Pooleda–d |
Crudea–c |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk Ratio | 95% CI | Risk Ratio | 95% CI | Risk Ratio | 95% CI | Risk Ratio | 95% CI | Risk Ratio | 95% CI | Risk Ratio | 95% CI | |
| Giardia | ||||||||||||
| Any infection | 2.3 | 1.2, 4.5 | 1.8 | 1.2, 2.7 | 1.1 | 0.6, 1.8 | 1.6 | 0.9, 2.7 | 1.7 | 1.3, 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.1, 3.2 |
| Single infection | 1.4 | 0.5, 3.8 | 1.2 | 0.8, 1.9 | 0.6 | 0.3, 1.2 | 0.6 | 0.1, 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.8, 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.2, 2.0 |
| Any coinfection | 3.9 | 2.4, 7.4 | 3.6 | 1.7, 7.2 | 7.8 | 3.3, 16.7 | 4.1 | 2.9, 6.0 | 7.6 | 5.6, 10.4 | ||
| Rotavirus | ||||||||||||
| Any infection | 2.0 | 0.7, 5.1 | 4.2 | 2.3, 8.0 | 7.0 | 3.2, 20.6 | 14.1 | 7.8, 27.2 | 4.3 | 2.8, 7.1 | 10.7 | 7.9, 15.1 |
| Single infection | 1.4 | 0.4, 5.2 | 2.4 | 1.1, 6.2 | 2.5 | 0.6, 10.9 | 6.6 | 3.2, 15.1 | 2.3 | 1.3, 4.8 | 5.8 | 3.8, 9.4 |
| Any coinfection | 8.7 | 6.2, 12.1 | 20.2 | 8.5, 58.3 | 59.0 | 30.6, 122.1 | 9.4 | 6.9, 12.7 | 25.5 | 17.3, 39.6 | ||
| Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli and Shigellae | ||||||||||||
| Any infection | 2.4 | 1.2, 5.0 | 3.9 | 1.8, 7.5 | 4.1 | 2.0, 7.9 | 2.9 | 1.8, 4.8 | 3.6 | 2.4, 5.0 | ||
| Single infection | 1.2 | 0.4, 5.7 | 2.6 | 0.8, 5.6 | 1.5 | 0.7, 3.2 | 1.6 | 0.9, 2.7 | ||||
| Any coinfection | 3.4 | 1.7, 7.9 | 7.4 | 3.5, 15.7 | 10.3 | 3.4, 33.1 | 4.6 | 2.7, 8.4 | 6.7 | 4.1, 10.5 | ||
| Enterotoxigenic E. coli | ||||||||||||
| Any infection | 1.5 | 0.4, 4.9 | 5.4 | 3.1, 9.8 | 8.8 | 3.4, 21.4 | 3.3 | 0.9, 12.2 | 3.7 | 2.2, 6.5 | 7.1 | 4.6, 12.1 |
| Single infection | 4.1 | 1.5, 10.7 | 8.2 | 1.8, 24.5 | 1.8 | 0, 9.8 | 2.2 | 1.0, 6.3 | 3.8 | 2.0, 8.2 | ||
| Any coinfection | 6.5 | 3.4, 11.1 | 9.4 | 2.0, 41.0 | 16.2 | 0, 158.5 | 6.0 | 3.8, 8.8 | 13.9 | 7.5, 28.7 | ||
| Enteropathogenic E. coli | ||||||||||||
| Any infection | 2.7 | 0.9, 8.1 | 1.7 | 0.7, 4.8 | 5.7 | 2.0, 14.3 | ||||||
| Single infection | ||||||||||||
| Any coinfection | 3.5 | 1.1, 10.8 | 3.4 | 1.2, 8.7 | 11.6 | 4.2, 44.9 | ||||||
Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
a Risk ratios compare the risk of diarrhea in those exposed to risk with those unexposed to Giardia, rotavirus, pathogenic E. coli, Shigellae, and Plesiomonas shigelloides.
b Risk ratios based on cell counts of <5 were excluded.
c All risk ratios were weighted by inverse sampling probabilities.
d Strata-specific and pooled estimates are weighted by inverse age-specific sampling probabilities.